WONDERFUL CREATIONS Essays - Spider Families, Spider, Argiope

WONDERFUL CREATIONS Essays - Spider Families, Spider, Argiope WONDERFUL CREATIONS God created everything so perfect, at His image and took the time to give marvelous details to each creature. From the smallest animal that its ever been found, to the gigantism creatures that astonish every mans eye, Gods creation is more than amazingly formed. There are plenty creatures that are interesting to learn about, but spiders are one of those creatures that delight anyone whose desire is to appreciate Gods wonderful work. There are three special kinds of spiders that are wonderful created which are the wolf spider, the black and yellow garden spider (or the zipper spider), and the araneomorphae (also called the labidognatha). The first incredible spider is the wolf spider. This spiders is about 3.5 centimeters body size and they consist of eight eyes that are arranged in three rows. Four small eyes are at the bottom, two large ones in the middle which distinguishes them from other species, and two medium size at the top row. According to the book, Spiders and Their Kin (Levi 1921), Wolf spiders carry their egg in a unique way by attaching their egg sac in their back until the eggs hatch. Another special characteristic this spiders have is that they will waive their legs and dance before their mates with the purpose to be chosen for mate. In addition, the male will wrap an insect in his silk to give to the female and if the female chooses not to eat the male but the insect instead, then they will mate. The female may still decide to eat the male before he gets away. The second incredible spider is the black and yellow garden spider (or the zipper spider). This fantastic spiders body size is from 0.20 in to 0.35 in for males and 0.75 in to 1.10in for females. According to the book, Spiders and Their Kin (Levi 1921), it has been recorded that the zipper spider can make up to seven different kind of webbing. The most interesting thing is that the zipper spider shoots out streamers of webs in the air and wait for the wind to catch them and use it to travel to any random place they decide to go. People have found this spiders about 15000 feet up in the air. The third and last is the labidognatha, also called araneomorphae. The labidognatha are a suborder of spiders. They are distinguished by other spiders due to their fangs are oppose to each other and cross shape in a gripping action. The labidognatha, according to the book, Spiders and Their Kin (Levi 1921), they are the most common spiders in earth that they are found even in the Arctic. The zipper spider, the wolf spider, and the labidognatha spider are wonderful creatures made by God. To have a better understanding of Gods power and his mighty work, these creatures are greatest examples that we can used to study to close experience of the love of God through His creation. REFERENCES Levi, Herbert Walter, Lorna R. Levi, and Herbert Spencer Zim. Spiders and Their Kin (Golden Guide). Racine: Western, 1921. Print.

Timeline of the Andean Cultures of South America

Timeline of the Andean Cultures of South America Archaeologists working in the Andes traditionally divide the cultural development of the Peruvian civilizations into 12 periods, from the Preceramic period (ca 9500 BC) through the Late Horizon and into the Spanish conquest (1534 CE). This sequence was initially created by archaeologists John H. Rowe and Edward Lanning and it was based on the ceramic style and radiocarbon dates from the Ica Valley of the South Coast of Peru, and later extended to the whole region. The Preceramic Period (before 9500–1800 BC), literally, the period before pottery was invented, spans from the first arrival of humans in South America, whose date is still debated, until the first use of ceramic vessels. The following eras of ancient Peru (1800 BC-AD 1534) have been defined by archaeologists using an alternation of so-called â€Å"periods† and â€Å"horizons† which end with the arrival of the Europeans. The term â€Å"Periods† indicates a timeframe in which independent ceramic and art styles were widespread across the region. The term â€Å"Horizons† defines, in contrast, periods in which specific cultural traditions managed to unify the whole region. Preceramic Period Preceramic Period I (before 9500 B.C.E.): First evidence of human occupation of Peru comes from groups of hunters of this tradition are the Chivateros (I) industry and the long and narrow Paijan points. Other important sites are Ushumachay, Telarmachay, Pachamachay.Preceramic Period III (8000–6000 B.C.E.): From this period, it is possible to recognize different cultural tradition, such as the Northwestern Tradition, where the site of Nanchoc dates to ca 6000 BC, the Paijan Tradition, the Central Andean Tradition, whose widespread lithic tradition has been found in many cave sites, such as the famous Lauricocha (I) and Guitarrero caves, and, finally, the Atacama Maritime Tradition, at the border between Peru and Chile, where the Chinchorro culture developed about 7000 years ago. Other important sites are Arenal, Amotope, Chivateros (II). Preceramic Period IV (6000–4200 B.C.E.): The hunting, fishing and foraging traditions developed during the previous periods continue. However, toward the end of this period, a climatic change allows for early plant cultivation. Important sites are Lauricocha (II), Ambo, Siches.Preceramic Period V (4200–2500 B.C.E.): This period corresponds to a relative stabilization of the sea level along with warmer temperatures, especially after 3000 BC. Increase in domesticated plants: squashes, chili peppers, beans, guavas and, most of all, cotton. Important sites are Lauricocha (III), Honda.Preceramic Period VI (2500–1800 B.C.E.): The last of the Preceramic periods is characterized by the emergence of monumental architecture, population increase, and widespread production of textiles. Different cultural traditions are recognizable: in the highlands, the Kotosh tradition, with the sites of Kotosh, La Galgada, Huaricoto, and along the coast, the monumental sites of Caral  S upe / Norte Chico tradition, including Caral, Aspero, Huaca Prieta, El Paraiso, La Paloma, Bandurria, Las Haldas, Piedra Parada. Initial through Late Horizon Initial Period (1800 – 900 B.C.E.): This period is marked by the appearance of pottery. New sites emerge along the coastal valleys, exploiting the rivers for cultivation. Important sites of this period are Caballo Muerto, in the Moche valley, Cerro Sechin and Sechin Alto in the Casma valley; La Florida, in the Rimac valley; Cardal, in the Lurin valley; and Chiripa, in the Titicaca basin.Early Horizon (900 – 200 B.C.E.): The Early Horizon sees the apogee of Chavin de Huantar in the northern highland of Peru and the successive widespread of the Chavin culture and its artistic motifs. In the South, other important sites are Pukara and the famous coastal necropolis of Paracas.Early Intermediate Period (200 B.C.E. –600 C.E.): The Chavin influence wanes by 200 BC and the Early Intermediate period sees the emergence of local traditions like the Moche, and Gallinazo in the north coast, the Lima culture, in the central coast, and Nazca, in the south coast. In the northern highlands, the Marcahuamachuco and Recuay traditions arose. Huarpa tradition flourished in the Ayacucho basin, and in the southern highlands, Tiwanaku arose in the Titicaca basin. The Middle Horizon (600–1000 C.E.): This period is characterized by climatic and environmental changes in the Andean region, brought about by cycles of droughts and El Nià ±o phenomenon. The Moche culture of the north underwent a radical reorganization, with the move of its capital farther north and inland. In the center and south, the Wari society in the highland and Tiwanaku in the Titicaca basin expanded their dominion and cultural traits to the whole region: Wari toward north and Tiwanaku toward the southern zones.The Late Intermediate Period (1000–1476 C.E.): This period is signified by a return to independent polities governing different areas of the region. In the north coast, the Chimà º society with its huge capital Chan Chan. Still on the coast the Chancay, Chincha, Ica, and Chiribaya. In the highland regions, the Chachapoya culture arose in the north. Other important cultural traditions are the Wanka, who opposed a fierce resistance to the first expansion o f the Inca.Late Horizon (1476–1534 C.E.): This period spans from the emergence of the Inca empire, with the expansion of their dominion outside the Cuzco region until the arrival of the Europeans. Among important Inca sites are Cuzco, Machu Picchu, Ollantaytambo.

Financial Reporting Disclosures in the Australian Corporate Sector Essay

Financial Reporting Disclosures in the Australian Corporate Sector - Essay Example More, the standards require that the identifiable intangible assets must be disclosed by means of subdividing the assets into classes with similar identifiable intangible assets being grouped together with regards to their usage and operations. Cash generating units impairment testing should be through the process of comparing the carrying amounts of identifiable intangible assets, goodwill working capital, and PPE of the cash-generating units. It is also important to note that valuation approaches during disclosure needs to be financial ratios and discounted cash flow. The company also needs to ensure that sensitivity analysis is done in case there are changes in key assumptions used during financial reporting. The importance of carrying out a sensitivity analysis to changes in key assumptions is due to the need to evaluate variations and their effects on financial reporting. Sensitivity analysis will also enable corrective actions to ensure compliance of financial reporting require ments. According to analysis of the company’s reporting practice, forecast must be corrected to be based on present value of future expected future cash flows. Forecasts on future cash flows must also be based on an established cyclic cash flow pattern. Table of Contents Introduction Identifiable Intangible Assets Impairment Testing on Cash Generating Units Calculation of Discount Rates and Growth Rates Sensitivity analysis to Key Assumption changes Financial Reporting Practice of CCA LTD Recommendations Financial Reporting Disclosures in the Australian Corporate Sector Introduction Corporate companies are subject to Corporations Act, which is being promoted by ASIC reviewers to ensure compliance with financial reporting requirements. The ASIC further provides non-compliance allowance for specific requirements to corporations. Confidence of investors and integrity levels in the Australian Corporate sector is largely boosted by the ASIC activities of monitoring corporationâ₠¬â„¢s compliance to financial reporting requirements. Users of financial reporting and auditing information are able to make informed decisions about the reliability and relevance of financial reporting disclosures in the Australian Corporate Sector. There is need for Coca Cola Amatil LTD to ensure that their financial reporting standards adhere to the professional and legal requirements of the corporations act. The objective of these financial reporting disclosures report is to ensure that Coca Cola Amatil LTD adheres to corporate Act’s requirements of financial reporting disclosures in the Australian Corporate Sector. Identifiable Intangible Assets The corporate act specifies reporting standards that must be adhered to when disclosing information regarding identifiable intangible assets such as names of brands, relationship with customers and written off intangible assets of Coca Cola Amatil LTD. The company should disclose identifiable intangible assets that would have bee n recognized during business formation or combinations and research and development assets. These intangible assets do not include assets that are recognized through contract basis or any other means that is legal. During financial reporti

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Supply Chain Management - Essay Example The linking of information systems on the Internet, provides the business with one set of information, such as status of counts in the warehouse and the consumers’ payment information, while the customer finds out through the company’s Internet portal just how much of the product the business has, and the projected delivery dates. Amazon.com is one such example of purchasing online with a two-sided supply chain infrastructure. In the wholesale jewellery components industry, the more you buy, the greater discount you get on your supplies, as shown in the figure (1) above. Therefore, the ability to see the discounts in the components ordering sheet, allows for cost savings up front. Alternatively, showing online how many components are left in stock, particularly if there are only a limited few, or if it is in the process of being discontinued, gives a business time to find other resources and get the purchasing infrastructure up and running in time for the next order (Fire Mountain Gems, 20115; Ackerman & Bodgraven, 2007). Account holders also see all previous orders in case they want to re-order a particular item, or a complete former order. Shipping is a standard USD 5.00, no matter how much you order, a bargain for larger orders. For such a company, communicating with its customers, including dealing with complaints and developing resolutions, is essential to continued successful relationships to provid e what the customers want. The purchasing and chain management infrastructures must be efficient and reliable, both inside the business and outside to the customers (Ackerman & Bodgraven, 2007). To achieve such efficiency, requires a joint venture correlation between the IT department (handles database and web development), the product purchasing department, and the sales and marketing department, each of whom provide the information required as to what is needed for an online

Obesity Has a Deep Impact in the Life of a Child Essay Example for Free

Obesity Has a Deep Impact in the Life of a Child Essay Using the Center for Writing Excellence and MyFoundationsLab resources, provide the topic sentence and informal outline for your Personal Ethics Statement. †¢ Topic sentence: Obesity has a deep impact in the life of a child. †¢ Informal outline: 1. Explain how obesity affects the childs physical health. 2. Explain how obesity affects the childs mental health. 3. Give ideas of how parents can be involved in the change of habits in the obese child. 5. Summarize why obesity has a deep impact in the life of a child. Obesity has a deep impact in the life of a child, physically, and mentally as well. An obese child is at risk of having health problems, such as diabetes, heart disease, and strokes as an adult, if he or she is not treated in an early age. An overweight child can be a target for bullying at school, making his or her social life poor, creating anxiety, depression, and lowering their self esteem. The parents play an important role in the life of an obese child. does not matter if the child is obese because a genetic factor, or just because his or her does not have a proper eating habit, the condition it is treatable. Encourage the child to follow a healthy diet, being an example for him or her, and being supportive, are examples of how a parent can be involve in the life of an obese child. Taking obesity in a child seriously, and trying to find ways to improve this condition, are the first steps to a better future in an obese childs life.

The SAT Controversy :: essays papers

The SAT Controversy 1) According to the video and the article, who and how was the SAT developed and for what purpose? The SAT, or as it was called in the beginning, the Scholastic Aptitude Test, had its debut in the late 1930’s. In 1933, a gentleman by the name of James Bryant Conant became the president of Harvard University. At the time he became president, only the elite in the area were admitted into Harvard. This distinct social group was all male, all white, all Protestant, most Episcopalian. They basically were descendents of the Puritans who had come from Europe. These were decent people but they had formed a very closed group, almost a club, and controlled everything. James Conant was not particularly fond of this group and he wanted to unlock the hold they had not only on Harvard but on all of America. He had a vision, which actually originated with Thomas Jefferson, that there were people across America who were very intelligent, very talented, and very successful and you needed to find them, educate them and then let them run the country. His goal was a classless society. However, he needed a way to identify these people so he could bring them to Harvard to get that education. As a step in that direction, Conant instituted a new scholarship program for boys who were academically gifted and who did not come from the elite Eastern boarding schools where Harvard had always received its students. However, Conan needed a way to evaluate these students. He gave that task to his assistant dean, Henry Chauncey. Henry Chauncey was a very ambitious individual who loved mental testing. Chauncey met a man, named Carl Brigham who had been part of the army’s IQ testing team during World War I. Eventually, Carl Brigham adapted the army’s IQ test for use in college admissions and Chauncey reported back to Conant about the new SAT test. Conant wanted assurance, however, that this test was a test of pure intelligence and not of the quality of the education a student had received. It was important to him that boys of low or modest means and schooling not be penalized. Chauncey reassured Conant and the SAT was adopted to evaluate the applicants for the scholarship to Harvard. Later it was accepted as the entrance exam into Harvard for all students and eventually all Ivy League schools.

Ch01 Organizations and Organization Theory

Chapter 1: Organizations and Organization Theory Current Challenges of Organizations †¢ Globalization o Markets, technologies, and organizations are becoming increasingly interconnected †¢ Ethics and social responsibility o The list of execs and major corporations involved in financial and ethical scandals continues to grow †¢ Speed of responsiveness o Globalization and advancing technology has accelerated the pace at which organizations in all industries must roll out new products and services to stay competitive †¢ The digital workplace In today’s workplace, many employees perform much of their work on computers and may work in virtual teams, connected electronically to colleagues around the world †¢ Diversity o By 2050, it is estimated that 85% of entrants into the workforce will be women and people of colour What Is an Organization? Organizations: social entities that are goal-directed, are designed as deliberately structured and coordinated activi ty system, and are linked to the external environment Types of Organizations †¢ Multinational corporations †¢ Small, family-owned shops †¢ For-profit versus non-profit organizationsOrganizations exist to do the following: 1. Bring together resources to achieve desired goals and outcomes 2. Produce goods and services efficiently 3. Facilitate innovation 4. Use modern manufacturing and information technologies 5. Adapt to influence a changing environment 6. Create value for owners, customers, and employees 7. Accommodate ongoing challenges of diversity, ethics, and the motivation and coordination of employees Perspectives on Organizations Closed System †¢ A system that is autonomous, enclosed, and not dependent on its environment †¢ Don’t truly exist today Early management concepts such as scientific management, leadership style, and industrial engineering were closed-system approaches Open System †¢ A system that must interact with the environment to survive †¢ It both consumes resources and exports resources to the environment, and must continually adapt to the environment An Open System and its Subsystems [pic] Organization Configuration †¢ Technical core o Includes people who do the basic work of the organization o The primary transformation of inputs to outputs occurs here o Includes production department, teachers and classes, medical activities in hospitals, etc. Technical Support o Helps the organization adapt to the environment o Technical support employees such as engineers and researchers scan the environment for problems, opportunities, and technological developments o Responsible for creating innovations in the technical core †¢ Administrative Support o Responsible for the smooth operation and upkeep of the organization, including its physical and human elements o Includes HR activities like recruiting and hiring, making compensation/benefit plans, employee training, etc. †¢ Management A disti nct subsystem responsible for directing and coordinating other parts of the organization o Top management provides direction, strategy, goals, and policies for the entire organization or major divisions o Middle management is responsible for implementation and coordination at the departmental level [pic] Dimensions of Organization Design Structural Dimensions 1. Formalization ? Pertains to the amount of written documentation in the organization, including procedures, job descriptions, regulations, and policy manuals, describing behaviour and activities ?A large state university would be high on formulization and a small, family-owned business would be low on formulization 2. Specialization ? The degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into separate jobs 3. Hierarchy of authority ? Describes who reports to whom and the span of control for each manager ? The hierarchy is related to span of control (the number of employees reporting to a supervisor), and when the span is na rrow, the hierarchy is tall, and vice versa 4. Centralization ? Refers to the hierarchical level that has authority to make a decision ?When decision making is kept at the top level, the organization is centralized ? When decisions are delegated to lower organizational levels, it is decentralized 5. Professionalism ? The level of formal education and training of employees ? It’s considered high when employees require long periods of training ? Professionalism is measured as the average number of years of education of employees 6. Personnel ratios ? Refer to the development of people to various functions and departments ?Includes the administrative ratio, the clerical ratio, the professional staff ratio, and the ratio of indirect to direct labour employees ? A personnel ratio is measured by dividing the number of employees in a classification by the total number of organizational employees [pic] Contextual Dimensions 1. Size ? The organization’s magnitute as reflected i n the number of people in the organization ? Because organization’s are social systems, it’s typically measured by # of employees 2. Organizational technology ? Refers to the tools, techniques, and actions used to transform inputs into outputs ?It concerns how the organization actually produces the products and services and includes things such as flexible manufacturing, advanced info systems, and the Internet 3. Environment ? Includes all elements outside the boundary of the organization ? Key elements include the industry, government, customers, suppliers, and the financial community 4. Goals and Strategies ? Define the purpose and competitive techniques that set it apart from other organizations ? Goals are written down as an enduring statement of company intent ?A strategy is the plan of action that describes resource allocation and activities for dealing with the environment and for reaching the organization’s goals 5. Culture ? The underlying set of key va lues, beliefs, understandings, and norms shared by employees ? These values may pertain to ethical behaviour, commitment to employees, efficiency, or customer service Performance and Effectiveness Outcomes †¢ Managers adjust structural and contextual dimensions and organizational subsystems to most efficiently and effectively transform inputs into outputs nd provide value †¢ Efficiency refers to the amount of resources used to achieve the organization’s goals, and it is based on the quantity of inputs necessary to produce a given level of output †¢ Effectiveness is the degree to which an organization achieves its goals †¢ Stakeholder is any group within or outside an organization that has a stake in the organization’s performance †¢ Stakeholder approach assesses the satisfaction of stakeholders as an indicator of the organization’s performance (also called constituency approach) †¢ Major stakeholders and what they expect: Owners/sto ckholders: financial return o Employees: satisfaction, pay, supervision o Customers: high-quality goods/services, service, value o Creditors: creditworthiness, fiscal responsibility o Management: efficiency, effectiveness o Government: obedience to laws and regulations, fair competition o Union: worker pay, benefits Community: good corporate citizen, contribution to community affairs o Suppliers: satisfactory transactions, revenue from purchases The Evolution of Organization Theory and Design Historical Perspectives †¢ Efficiency is everything o Frederick Winslow Taylor developed scientific management, which claims decisions about organization and job design should be based on precise, scientific procedures †¢ How to get organized Administrative principles focuses on the total organization (looks at the organization as a whole) o For example, Henri Fayol proposed 14 principles of management, such as â€Å"each subordinate receives orders from only one superior† and â€Å"similar activities in an organization should be grouped together under one manager† o These gave organizations fundamental new ideas for estabilishing high productivity and increasing prosperity o Administrative principles contributed to the development of bureaucratic organizations, which emphasized designing and managing organizations on an impersonal, rational basis through such elements as clearly defined authority and responsibility, formal recordkeeping, and uniform application of stand rules †¢ People o Hawthorn Studies are a series of experiments on worker productivity that began in 1924 o It attributed employees’ increased output to managers’ better treatment of them during the study †¢ Environment Many problems occur when all organizations are treated similar, which is the case with scientific management o Structures and systems that work in the retail division will not be appropriate for the manufacturing division o Consistency means t hat one thing depends on other things, and for organizations to be effective, there must be a â€Å"goodness of fit† between their structure and the conditions in their external environment o Some organizations experience a certain environment, use a routine technology, and desire efficiency, and in this case, bureaucratic controls would be appropriate o But today, almost all organizations operate in a highly uncertain environment Contemporary Organizational Design Today’s organizations and managers are shifting from a mindset based on mechanical systems to one based on natural and biological systems †¢ Chaos theory suggests that relationships in complex, adaptive systems – including organizations – are made up of numerous interconnections that create unintended effects and render the environment unpredictable †¢ Many organizations are shifting from strict vertical hierarchies to flexible, decentralized structures that emphasize horizontal colla boration, widespread info sharing, and adaptability †¢ Learning organization is an organization in which everyone is engaged in identifying and solving problems, enabling the organization to continuously experiment, improve, and increase its capability Efficient Performance versus the Learning Organization †¢ From vertical to horizontal structure †¢ From routine tasks to empowered tasks †¢ From formal control systems to shared information †¢ From competitive to collaborative strategy †¢ From rigid to adaptive culture ———————– Transformation Process Environment Raw Materials People Information resources Financial resources Input Subsystems Boundary Spanning Production, Maintenance, Adaptation, Management Boundary Spanning Products and Services Output Top Management

Police Patrol Essay

Section 1 – Introduction Indeed, the safety and prosperity of local communities is dependent upon, in large part, a prevention of criminal activity.   It is in safe communities that businesses grow and prosper, people bring their families to live, and others like to visit.   With this in mind, the classic way to ensure that communities are free of crime is through the use of police patrol.   It is the police presence that has typically kept crime in check (Sklansky).   However, the financial cost of police patrol often makes such protection quite difficult to put into action.   In this research, the cost of police patrol will be examined through the discussion of the following article: Farrell, Graham, Erin Lane, Ken Clark, and Andromachi Tseloni. â€Å"What Does the World Spend on Policing? [*].† International Journal of Comparative Sociology (2001): 59. Conversely, alternative methods of crime prevention, aside from the use of the conventional police patrol will be examined through the discussion of this article: Rubin, Herbert J. â€Å"Economic Partnering with the Poor: Why Local Governments Should Work with Community-Based Development Organizations to Promote Economic Development.† International Journal of Public Administration 23.9 (2000): 1679. Additional sources will be cited where necessary to ultimately make the point that while police patrol is important, it is costly, and there are other methods/resources that can be tapped into to complement the effectiveness of police patrols without exceeding budgets or overextending the ability of small police forces to accomplish what they need to accomplish. Section 2 — The Main Points of the Two Articles Farrell, Graham, Erin Lane, Ken Clark, and Andromachi Tseloni. â€Å"What Does the World Spend on Policing? [*].† International Journal of Comparative Sociology (2001): 59. The main point of this article are that internationally, in small and large nations alike, the total amount of money spent on policing and crime prevention totals in the hundreds of billions of dollars, and with that, the question of whether or not that money is well spent.   Additionally, the article discusses the role of civilians in the process of preventing crime, which reduces the burden on the conventional police patrol. Rubin, Herbert J. â€Å"Economic Partnering with the Poor: Why Local Governments Should Work with Community-Based Development Organizations to Promote Economic Development.† International Journal of Public Administration 23.9 (2000): 1679. In close relation to the first article, this article makes the point that among other governmental organizations, local police agencies should work with community-based, civilian organizations to achieve the goal of fighting crime, which is one of the main reasons for the existence of police patrols themselves. Section 3 – Comparison and Contrast of the Two Articles The two articles chosen for this research do in fact possess similarities and differences which, ironically, all contribute to making the point that police patrols are effective and necessary, but would not be effective, and indeed cannot be effective, if they are overburdened by too much work for too few officers, or if the police organizations are unduly restrained by a lack of economic resources. First, the Farrell article weighs the cost of police patrol against the results that are obtained for the money that is spent.   Far from saying that police patrols are ineffective, the article says that overburdened police patrols are ineffective, and therefore, in lieu of money that does not exist, police patrols should be aided by community/civilian resources whenever possible. Following on the heels of the first article, the Rubin article makes the very important point that local police agencies, if faced with a lack of funds, should work more closely with community organizations in order to achieve effective crime prevention and apprehension of criminal offenders after the fact. In a roundabout way, both articles do in fact make the same point; if police patrols are to be effective in the future as they have been in the past, they will need some help.   The answer is not to overextend patrols or to cut them due to underfunding, but rather to collaborate more closely with the community for the mutual benefit of both.   The modern police force faces challenges that those of the past did not; increasing need for diversity in police forces, additional personnel because of the increases in crime, and population increases make the scope of the traditional police patrol much more complicated and expensive than ever before (Sklansky).   Also significant is the huge cost of the processing of criminal cases in courts of law due to the increasing complexity of criminal law (Frodsham) Section 4 – Conclusion Based on the analysis of these articles and accompanying additional resources, the conclusion has been reached that police patrols are very effective, if and only if they are either properly funded or if they are assisted by civilians and community organizations in the absence of adequate funding.   Therefore, in conclusion, police patrols should be continued, and should be supported by communities if they are to continue to properly function.

A Law Unto Themselves

A Law Unto Themselves A Law Unto Themselves A Law Unto Themselves By Maeve Maddox I heard someone on the radio refer to a particular group of people as being â€Å"a law into themselves.† The only version of this idiom that I’m familiar with is â€Å"a law unto themselves.† The expression derives from Romans 2:14. Numerous English translations of the Bible render the phrase as â€Å"a law unto themselves,† but some use a different preposition, like to or for. Here are three translations: For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves.- King James Version (KJV) Indeed, when Gentiles, who do not have the law, do by nature things required by the law,  they are a law for themselves, even though they do not have the law.- New International Version (NIV). For when Gentiles, who do not have the law,  by nature do what the law requires, they are a law to themselves, even though they do not have the law.- English Standard Version (ESV) The passage refers to Gentiles who, although they lacked the law that had been given to the Jews, had their own laws that taught them how to live righteously. The preposition unto is a fossil. It once had several meanings, including some of the modern meanings of into, but, by the 18th century, its use had become obsolete in standard speech- except for the idiom â€Å"to be a law unto oneself.† Note: The word unto, meaning to, is sometimes heard in an elevated religious context, as in We cry unto the Lord. The modern use of â€Å"a law unto themselves† differs in meaning from the way it is used in the Bible passage. In the biblical context, the Gentiles are perceived as obeying a different law, but presumably their law applies to all of them. In modern usage, â€Å"to be a law unto oneself† suggests that the person or people so described ignore laws that apply to everyone else, doing as they please, as if they were above the law. Here are some examples from the Web: The NYPD may enforce the law, but they’re also a law unto themselves.- The Guardian. They [the khap panchaya] believe theyre supreme, a law unto themselves.- The Times of India.   The Soviet Politburo was a law unto itself.- The Washington Post The CIA: A Law Unto Itself- The Nation Nicole Kidman Law Unto Herself- New York Magazine Here are some non-idiomatic uses that use the preposition into instead of unto: French waiters are a law into themselves- TripAdvisor Hobby Lobby threatens to make religious believers a law into themselves.- UCLA law professor. Its a real policy dilemma because people begin to believe they can be the [sic] law into themselves.- Another law professor. Note: The quotations from the law professors appeared in newspaper articles; the fault of substituting into for unto may lie with the reporters or their editors. If a speaker does not wish to use archaic unto, the idiomatic choice of preposition is plain to: French waiters are a law to themselves. Hobby Lobby threatens to make religious believers a law to themselves Its a real policy dilemma because people begin to believe they can be a law to themselves Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Royal Order of Adjectives 40 Synonyms for â€Å"Lie†50 Words with Alternative Spellings

The Complete List of Nora Roberts Books

The Complete List of Nora Roberts Books Nora Roberts releases several new romance novels every year, making her one of the most prolific authors of our time. She is continually adding to a number of series and has published more than 200 novels- some sweet, some suspenseful, and some fantasy. Roberts has regularly hit the  New York Times  bestseller list since 1999. Thanks to her dedicated fans and the fact that she was an early pioneer in communicating with them online, it is rare that a new release does not hit that esteemed book list. In fact, starting in 1999, every Nora Roberts book has made it. Known for writing compelling series and trilogies, Roberts is adept at telling stories that almost force you to hunt down the next title. Her In Death series is closing in on 50 titles. It is a detective romance series written under the pseudonym J.D. Robb. Nora Roberts and J.D. Robb Books by Year Roberts started writing during a blizzard in 1979. It forced her two sons to stay home from school, and she was on the verge of going stir crazy. Though her writing may have started out as a creative escape, it quickly turned into a long and lasting career. If youre looking for her earliest work, she published six titles within the first two years of her debut. This volume for a new author is astounding in itself and is just a prelude to the amount of work she would produce in the coming decades. 1981: Irish Thoroughbred (Irish Hearts)1982: Blithe Images1982: Song of the West1982: Search for Love1982: Island of Flowers1982: The Hearts Victory 1983: The Legacy Begins In 1983, Roberts began a legacy of publishing many books each year. It would set the pace for her entire career. Also, if youre going to read Reflections, be sure to follow up with Dance of Dreams, because the stories are connected. From This DayHer Mothers KeeperReflectionsDance of DreamsOnce More With FeelingUntamedTonight and AlwaysThis Magic Moment 1984: A Prolific Year An interesting year for Roberts, in 1984 the author produced a variety of single books, and it was one of her most prolific years. She would not debut her first series until 1985. Endings and BeginningsStorm WarningSullivans WomanRules of the GameLess of a StrangerA Matter of ChoiceThe Law Is a LadyFirst ImpressionsOpposites AttractPromise Me Tomorrow 1985: Meet "The MacGregors" In 1985, Roberts debuted one of her most successful series. The MacGregors includes 10 novels, starting with Playing the Odds and ending up with 1999s The Perfect Neighbor. The characters have been featured in other novels throughout the years as well. Playing the Odds (The MacGregors)Tempting Fate (The MacGregors)All the Possibilities  (The MacGregors)One Mans Art  (The MacGregors)PartnersThe Right PathBoundary LinesSummer Desserts  Night MovesDual Image 1986: A Good Year for Follow-Up Novels If you read Summer Desserts, then you have to follow it with 1986s Lessons Learned to get the rest of the story. Also, Second Nature and One Summer should be read in succession.   The Art of DeceptionAffaire Royale (Cordinas Royal Family)Second NatureOne SummerTreasures Lost, Treasures FoundRisky BusinessLessons LearnedA Will and a WayHome for Christmas 1987: Meet "Cordina's Royal Family" In 1986, Roberts introduced us to Cordinas Royal Family with the release of Affaire Royale. Two books in that series followed the next year, though the fourth would not be released until 2002 under the title Cordinas Crown Jewel. If you happen to pick up Sacred Sins, youll also want to read 1988s Brazen Virtue, as the two are connected. For Now Forever (The MacGregors)Mind Over MatterCommand Performance (Cordinas Royal Family)The Playboy Prince  (Cordinas Royal Family)Hot IceTemptationSacred Sins   1988: The Year of the Irish Roberts must have had Ireland on her mind because in 1988 she turned her debut novel into a series that would be known as Irish Hearts. Yet, youll also find these volumes under the title Irish Legacy Trilogy. It includes Irish Thoroughbred (1981), Irish Rose (1988), and Irish Rebel (2000). The author also spent part of the year introducing us to The OHurleys. After these three novels, you can find them again in 1990s Without a Trace. Local HeroIrish Rose  (Irish Hearts)Brazen VirtueThe Last Honest Woman (The OHurleys)Dance to the Piper  (The OHurleys)Skin Deep  (The OHurleys)Rebellion  (The MacGregors)Name of the GameSweet Revenge 1989: A Trio to Delight Fans To kick off the year, Roberts spent the first few months of 1989 with three connected novels. The first three in this list were written to be read in order. At the end of the year she started another story, so when youre done with Time Was, read Times Change. Loving JackBest Laid PlansLawlessImpulseGabriels AngelThe WelcomingTime Was 1990: Meet "The Stanislaskis" In comparison, it doesnt look as if Roberts had a very productive year. However, she did take some time in March to introduce us to The Stanislaskis. This six-book series would continue regularly through 2001 with the release of Considering Kate. Times ChangeTaming Natasha (The Stanislaskis)Public SecretsWithout a Trace  Ã‚  (The OHurleys)In From the Cold  (The MacGregors) 1991: Meet "The Calhoun Women" Four of the five books in The Calhoun Women series were released in 1991. Anxious fans had to wait until Megans Mate in 1996 for the fifth novel, but today you can fly right through them. Youll also find some of the Calhoun women featured in other novels, especially in 1998. Night Shift (Night Tales)Night Shadows  (Night Tales)Courting Catherine (The Calhoun Women)A Man for Amanda  (The Calhoun Women)For the Love of Lilah  (The Calhoun Women)Suzannas Surrender  (The Calhoun Women)Genuine LiesLuring a Lady  (The Stanislaskis) 1992: The Year of the Donovans If you have not yet read the four novels in the Donovan Legacy, consider this a must. The cousins have special powers that make them extraordinary, and three of the books were published in 1992. The last of the series is Enchanted, published in 1999. Carnal InnocenceCaptivated (Donovan Legacy)Entranced  (Donovan Legacy)Charmed  (Donovan Legacy)Divine EvilUnfinished BusinessHonest Illusions 1993: Just Three New Books It seems as if 1993 was a bit slow for Roberts, but she did continue two of her popular series. Nightshade is the third of five in the Night Tales collection that started with the 1991 release of Night Shift. Falling for Rachel  (The Stanislaskis)Nightshade  (Night Tales)Private Scandals 1994: The Debut of "Born In" Born in Fire was the first release in the Born In trilogy, and its sometimes called the Irish Born trilogy. After that book, be sure to catch Born in Ice (1995) and Born in Shame (1996) to complete the trio. Night Smoke  (Night Tales)Convincing Alex  (The Stanislaskis)Birds, Bees and Babies/The Best Mistake (Mothers Day anthology)Silhouette Christmas/All I Want for Christmas (Christmas anthology)Hidden RichesBorn in Fire (Born In trilogy) 1995: J.D. Robb Makes the First Appearance This was the year Roberts began writing detective romances under the pen name J.D. Robb. She chose the J and D from her sons first initials and took Robb from Roberts. Born in Ice  (Born In trilogy)The Return of Rafe MacKade (The MacKade Brothers)The Pride of Jared MacKade  (The MacKade Brothers)True BetrayalsNaked in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 1)Glory in Death (Robb, In Death No. 2) 1996: Roberts' 100th Book A milestone year, Roberts published her 100th book just shortly after celebrating her first decade of work. Montana Sky, tells the story of three half-sisters who come together for the first time to hear their fathers will be read. Little did they know that their inheritance was dependent on one very specific condition. Megans Mate  (The Calhoun Women)The Heart of Devin MacKade  (The MacKade Brothers)The Fall of Shane MacKade  (The MacKade Brothers)Born in Shame  (Born In trilogy)Daring to Dream (Dream)Montana SkyImmortal in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 3)Rapture in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 4) 1997: Romance Writers Award In 1997, Roberts was awarded the Romance Writers of America Lifetime Achievement Award. In reality, as you can see from the rest of the list, she was just getting started. The MacGregor Brides  (The MacGregors)Hidden Star (Stars of Mithra)Captive Star  (Stars of Mithra)Waiting for Nick  (The Stanislaskis)Holding the Dream  (Dream)Finding the Dream  (Dream)SanctuaryCeremony in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 5)Vengeance in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 6) 1998: The Bestseller Streak Begins Roberts success on the bestseller lists began with Rising Tides. It was her first novel to be an immediate No. 1, a streak that seems as if it will be endless. Serena and Caine (The MacGregors)The MacGregor Grooms  (The MacGregors)The Winning Hand  (The MacGregors)Rising Tides  (Chesapeake Bay Saga)Sea Swept (Chesapeake Bay Saga)Lilah and Suzanna (The Calhoun Women)Catherine and Amanda (The Calhoun Women)Once Upon a CastleHomeportSecret Star  (Stars of Mithra)The ReefHoliday in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 7)Midnight in Death (short story, Robb, In Death No. 7.5) 1999: Meet the "Gallaghers of Ardmore" For the second year in a row, Roberts was on a roll. She published a number of books and introduced readers to the Gallaghers of Ardmore in the process. This trilogy would wrap up in 2000. Inner Harbor  (Chesapeake Bay Saga)The Perfect Neighbor  (The MacGregors)The MacGregors: Daniel IanThe MacGregors: Alan GrantJewels of the Sun (Gallaghers of Ardmore)Enchanted  (Donovan Legacy)Once Upon a StarRivers EndConspiracy in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 8)Loyalty in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 9) 2000: The Finales for Popular Series Some fan favorites continued in 2000. This included the finale for Night Tales, Gallaghers of Ardmore, and Irish Hearts. This year also saw the first of three books in the Three Sisters Island series. The Stanislaski Brothers: Convincing Alex/Luring a LadyNight Shield  (Night Tales)Tears of the Moon  (Gallaghers of Ardmore)Heart of the Sea  (Gallaghers of Ardmore)Irish Rebel  Ã‚  (Irish Hearts)Carolina MoonDance Upon the Air (Three Sisters Island)Witness in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 10)Judgment in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 11) 2001: A Hardcover Bestseller In November of 2001, Roberts officially moved from best-selling paperback to the top of the hardcover list. The book Midnight Bayou was her first to go right to No. 1 in this edition. Considering Kate  (The Stanislaskis)Once Upon a RoseHeaven and Earth  (Three Sisters Island)The VillaMidnight BayouChesapeake Blue (Chesapeake Bay Saga)Betrayal in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 12)Interlude in Death  (novella, Robb, In Death No. 12.5)Seduction in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 13) 2002: Cordina's Finale In 2002, we saw the final novel in the Cordinas Royal Family series as well as other memorable single books. It also marked the release of Summer Pleasure, a two-in-one reissue of the popular Second Nature and One Summer from 1986. Once Upon a DreamSummer PleasuresFace the Fire  (Three Sisters Island)Cordinas Crown Jewel  (Cordinas Royal Family)Three FatesReunion in Death (Robb, In Death No. 14)Purity in Death (Robb, In Death No. 15) 2003: "The Key Trilogy" Begins The Key trilogy made its debut in November 2003. This was a series that fans didnt have to wait for. The second and third volumes followed monthly, ending with Key of Valor in January. This is significant because rarely have all three books in a series hit the bestseller list simultaneously. Key of Knowledge (The Key)Key of Light (The Key)Nora Roberts CompanionOnce Upon a MidnightRemember WhenBirthrightPortrait in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 16)Imitation in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 17) 2004: "In the Garden Trilogy" Debuts What started in the previous year saw the final novel in The Key Trilogy in 2004. It also marked the release of Blue Dahlia, first in a trilogy called In the Garden. Blue Dahlia (In the Garden)Northern LightsKey of Valor (The Key)A Little FateDivided  in  Death  (Robb, In Death No. 18)Visions  in  Death  (Robb, In Death No. 19) 2005: Five Fine Novels Roberts finished up the In the Garden trilogy in 2005 and published the popular Blue Smoke. The year also saw her continue the dual release of her In Death series under the J.D. Robb pseudonym, hitting her 20th book. Black Rose  (In the Garden)Red Lily  (In the Garden)Blue SmokeSurvivor in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 20)Origin in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 21) 2006: "Angel's Fall" Wins In 2006, Roberts novel Angels Fall won the Quill Award for Book of the Year. The year is also significant because it saw all three novels of the immensely popular The Circle trilogy released in rapid succession. Bump in the NightAngels FallMorrigans Cross (The  Circle)Dance of the Gods  (The  Circle)Valley of Silence  (The  Circle)Memory in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 22)Born in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 23) 2007: Roberts on Lifetime Four of Roberts novels were adapted into TV movies by Lifetime Television in 2007, and more would follow in subsequent years. Her romantic stories are a perfect fit for the network, and they continue to air regularly. Roberts was also named one of the 100 Most Influential People by Time. High NoonDead of Night AnthologyBlood Brothers  (Sign of Seven)Innocent in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 24)Creation in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 25) 2008: An Award in Her Name The Romance Writers of America renamed their Lifetime Achievement Award after Nora Roberts in 2008. The Hollow  (Sign of Seven)The Pagan Stone  (Sign of Seven)TributeSuite 606  (J.D. Robb and friends anthology)Strangers In Death  (Robb, In Death No. 26)Salvation In Death  (Robb, In Death No. 27) 2009: 400 Million Copies Sold In 2009, Roberts and her books reached a milestone. According to a report from September of that year, there were more than 400 million copies of her books in print. Vision in White (The Bride Quartet)Bed of Roses  (The Bride Quartet)Black HillsPromises in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 28)Kindred in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 29)The Lost  (anthology, including J.D. Robb) 2010: "The Bride Quartet" Wraps Up Started in 2009, the last two novels in The Bride Quartet series were released in 2010. Its another fantastic story that you need to read from beginning to end. Savor the Moment  (The Bride Quartet)Happy Ever After  (The Bride Quartet)The SearchThe Other Side AnthologyFantasy in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 30)Indulgence in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 31) 2011: The Beginnings of "The Inn Boonsboro" It was in 2011 that Roberts debuted her instantly popular The Inn Boonsboro trilogy. Finished off within a year, The Next Always spent weeks at the top of the paperback bestseller lists. Chasing FireThe UnquietThe Next Always (The Inn Boonsboro)Treachery in Death  (Robbs In Death No. 32)New York to Dallas  (Robbs In Death No. 33) 2012: Roberts' 200th Book In 2012, Roberts released her 200th novel. The Witness is a mysterious tale about Abigail Lowery, who lives in seclusion after an encounter with a strange man. Her secret? Well, youll just have to read the book. The WitnessThe Last Boyfriend (The Inn  Boonsboro)The Perfect Hope (The Inn  Boonsboro)Celebrity in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 34)Delusion in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 35) 2013: Introducing the "Cousins O'Dwyer" The Cousins ODwyer trilogy quickly became a hit after the release of Dark Witch. Each of the three novels went straight to the top of the  New York Times  best-seller list. Whiskey BeachTaken in Death (short story in Mirror, Mirror  book)Dark Witch  (The Cousins ODwyer)Calculated in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 36)Thankless in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 37) 2014: The "Cousins" Finale Introduced to Iona Sheehan in the previous year, the cousins trilogy continued in 2014. In the final two,  Branna ODwyer becomes the star, and her work at The Dark Witch shop the center of the action. Shadow Spell  (The Cousins ODwyer No. 2)Blood Magick (The Cousins ODwyer No. 3)The CollectorConcealed in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 38)Festive in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 39) 2015: The 40th "In Death" Book It all began in 1995, and 20 years later, J.D. Robb published her 40th In Death book in 2015. Running at two novels per year, fans began to rely on the releases as something they could expect from Roberts. The LiarDown the Rabbit HoleStars of Fortune (The Guardians)Obsession  in  Death  (Robb, In Death No. 40)Devotion in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 41) 2016: "The Guardians" trilogy Concludes Fantasy abounds in Roberts Guardians trilogy. The series was finished in just over a year, and 2016 saw the series wrap up with what many consider two of the authors most imaginative works. The ObsessionBay of Sighs (The Guardians)Island of Glass (The Guardians)Brotherhood in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 42)Apprentice in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 43) 2017: 222 Books and Counting With the 2017 release of Come Sundown, Nora Roberts list of books hit 222, and Secrets in Death was the 45th In Death title for J.D. Robb. This is an astonishing library from a single author and one of the reasons why  The New Yorker  has called her Americas favorite author. Year One (Chronicles of the One)Come SundownEchoes in Death  (Robb, In Death No. 44)Secrets in Death (Robb, In Death No. 45) 2018: 500 million The second part in a trilogy begun in the dystopian New York City (Year One) was set to follow in late 2018 as well as two more In Death books. There have been 500 million of Nora Roberts books in print. Dark in Death  (Robb, â€Å"In Death† No. 46)Shelter in PlaceLeverage in Death (Robb, â€Å"In Death† No. 47)Of Blood and Bone (â€Å"Chronicles of the One† No. 2) 2019: "In Death" Continues The 48th book in the In Death Eve Dallas series for pseudonym J.D. Robb is scheduled for February 2019. Communications in Death (Robb, In Death No. 48)

Primary and Secondary keywords Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Primary and Secondary keywords - Assignment Example Keywords can be differentiated into two major types according to their importance in a webpage or website. They are Primary keyword and secondary keywords. For well optimization, a good combination of primary and secondary keyword is vital. Google provide us ‘Google Trends’ which is a web based activity. It helps us to find how many times a word has been searched in Google from all over the word approximately. It represents in the form of a graph where the horizontal axis gives time and vertical axis depicts how many times the item is searched. Butters, K. (2013).  What are Primary and Secondary Keywords? [online] Yorkshireseoconsultancy.co.uk. Available at: http://www.yorkshireseoconsultancy.co.uk/what-are-primary-and-secondary-keywords [Accessed 8 Aug. 2014]. Google, (2014).  Google Trends - Web Search interest: digital marketing - Worldwide, 2004 - present. [online] Google.com. Available at: http://www.google.com/trends/explore?q=Digital+marketing#q=Digital%20marketing&cmpt=q [Accessed 8 Aug. 2014]. Hibu, (2013).  What are keywords and why are they important for SEO? [online] Business.hibu.co.uk. Available at: http://business.hibu.co.uk/knowledge/articles/2011/sept/what-are-keywords-and-why-are-they-important-for-seo/ [Accessed 8 Aug.

The poverty in the world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The poverty in the world - Essay Example The author also notes that the global food crisis affects mostly poor people – who have to spend most or all of their income on food. Using various examples of extreme weather events worldwide, the author argues that political or economic decisions may be related to the food crisis, but their role in the rapid expansion of the crisis can be doubted; rather the weather, as affected by the increased pollution, should be characterized as the main cause of the global food crisis. The views of the author, as briefly presented above, are critically discussed and evaluated using appropriate literature, i.e. academic studies which focus on the global food crisis. 2. Issues discussed in the paper – presentation and analysis In the article under analysis, Krugman aims to present the key causes of the global food crisis. ... However, extreme weather events - recent ones - in specific countries are used in order to prove the relationship between the global financial crisis and the specific events. More specifically, reference is made to the fires in Russia, the flooding in Australia and the dry weather in Brazil. It is noted that extreme weather events are more likely to influence the food prices – compared to the commodity prices, which cannot have an impact, in accordance with Krugman, on the food prices. However, no data or relevant reports are used for supporting the specific view. Instead, the events are mentioned followed by the personal views of the author, without using appropriate literature or findings of research made on the specific issue. The key point of the article is that the global climate change which has led to natural phenomena such as the La Nina, is the key cause of the global food crisis and for this reason the claims that ‘Ben Bernanke has blood on his hands’ (K rugman, p.1 & 3) should be opposed as non-valid. Instead, measures should be taken in order to control the global food crisis that, in accordance with Krugman, is expected to further expand, as a result of the increase of greenhouse gases. 3. Evaluation of the author’s perspective In accordance with the issues discussed above, the global food crisis, as expanded quite rapidly in the international community is quite difficult to be controlled, mostly because it is related to events that cannot be foreseen and they are quite difficult to be confronted. In fact, no matter the technology available, certain of these events, cannot be managed, like in the case of fires in Russia and the flooding in Australia